Fact Check: Is there any evidence to support a hollow earth?

Published April 19, 2025

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VERDICT

False

# Is There Any Evidence to Support a Hollow Earth? ## Introduction The claim regarding the existence of a hollow Earth posits that the planet is eith...

Is There Any Evidence to Support a Hollow Earth?

Introduction

The claim regarding the existence of a hollow Earth posits that the planet is either entirely hollow or contains significant internal spaces. This theory has been a subject of fascination and speculation for centuries, often intertwined with myths, literature, and conspiracy theories. Proponents of the hollow Earth theory often cite various historical figures and anecdotal evidence, while mainstream science largely dismisses the concept as unfounded. This article examines the available evidence and perspectives surrounding the hollow Earth claim.

What We Know

Historical Context: The hollow Earth theory has roots in early scientific thought, notably proposed by Edmond Halley in the late 17th century. Halley suggested that the Earth could consist of concentric spheres, but this idea was later disproven by scientific advancements, particularly through experiments conducted by Pierre Bouguer and Charles Hutton in the 18th century, which demonstrated the Earth's solidity 2.
Scientific Consensus: Modern geology and physics provide substantial evidence against the hollow Earth theory. Seismic data, gravitational measurements, and satellite observations indicate that the Earth has a solid inner core, a liquid outer core, and a mantle composed of various materials 9. The scientific community widely accepts these findings, which are supported by extensive research and empirical data.
Cultural Impact: The hollow Earth theory has permeated popular culture, inspiring literature and conspiracy theories. Notable proponents include Edgar Allan Poe and various authors of speculative fiction, who have contributed to its mythos 5 7. However, these cultural references do not constitute scientific evidence.
Critique of Proponents: Modern-day advocates of the hollow Earth theory often reference works such as Raymond Bernard's "The Hollow Earth" (1979) as supporting literature. However, Bernard's credentials and the lack of peer-reviewed scientific backing for his claims raise questions about the reliability of such sources 1.
Academic Perspectives: Scholarly articles, such as those published on platforms like Academia.edu, discuss the hollow Earth theory in historical and cultural contexts but emphasize its scientific obsolescence 3 4 10. These analyses often highlight the transition of the theory from a scientific hypothesis to a subject of conspiracy theory.

Analysis

The hollow Earth theory is largely regarded as a pseudoscience by the scientific community. The sources that advocate for its validity often lack empirical support and rely on anecdotal evidence or historical speculation. For instance, while some historical figures like Halley contributed to the theory's early development, their ideas were based on limited knowledge of geology and physics at the time.

Source Reliability: The Wikipedia entry on the hollow Earth provides a comprehensive overview of the theory's history and its scientific discrediting, making it a reliable starting point for understanding the topic 2. However, Wikipedia's open-editing nature necessitates caution, and cross-referencing with primary sources is advisable.
Potential Bias: Sources such as Discover Magazine and Ultimate Globes present a clear bias against the hollow Earth theory, emphasizing scientific evidence that contradicts it 7 9. While this is important for understanding the scientific consensus, it is equally crucial to consider the motivations behind the promotion of such theories, particularly in the context of conspiracy culture.
Methodological Concerns: Many proponents of the hollow Earth theory do not employ rigorous scientific methodologies to substantiate their claims. The reliance on anecdotal evidence and speculative literature rather than empirical data raises significant concerns about the validity of their assertions.

Conclusion

Verdict: False

The claim of a hollow Earth is unsupported by credible scientific evidence. Key evidence against the hollow Earth theory includes extensive geological and seismic data that confirm the Earth's solid structure, as well as the scientific community's consensus that has emerged from rigorous research. Historical references to the theory, while interesting, do not provide a basis for its validity in light of modern scientific understanding.

It is important to recognize that while the hollow Earth theory has cultural significance and has inspired various narratives, it lacks empirical support and is classified as pseudoscience. The sources that advocate for its existence often rely on anecdotal evidence and speculative literature, which do not meet the standards of scientific inquiry.

However, it is essential to acknowledge the limitations of the available evidence. The dismissal of the hollow Earth theory does not preclude the existence of other unexplored geological phenomena, but the specific claim of a hollow Earth remains unfounded. Readers are encouraged to critically evaluate information and consider the sources of claims, especially those that challenge established scientific understanding.

Sources

The Hollow Earth Theory | Geophysical Institute. Available at: https://www.gi.alaska.edu/alaska-science-forum/hollow-earth-theory
Hollow Earth - Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth
The Hollow Earth in Science. Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/11671577/The_Hollow_Earth_in_Science
"We have Adventured to Make the Earth Hollow": Edmond Halley's ... Available at: https://direct.mit.edu/posc/article/22/4/423/15380/We-have-Adventured-to-Make-the-Earth-Hollow-Edmond
Land of Wondrous Cold – Storied. Available at: https://storied.illinois.edu/land-of-wondrous-cold/
What happened to the reference guide, "Hollow-Earth Theories: A List of References"? - Ask a Librarian. Available at: https://ask.loc.gov/science/faq/399938
Hollow Earth: A Journey Through 3 Centuries of Conspiracy Theory | Discover Magazine. Available at: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/hollow-earth-a-journey-through-3-centuries-of-conspiracy-theory
What Curiosity in the Structure: The Hollow Earth in Science. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Duane-Griffin/publication/283017648_Griffin-HE_in_Science/data/5626a55908aeabddac935d66/Griffin-HE-in-Science.pdf
Hollow Earth Theory: Myths vs. Scientific Facts – Ultimate Globes. Available at: https://ultimateglobes.com/blogs/general-information/hollow-earth-theory-myths-vs-scientific-facts
Hollow Earth - University of Bristol. Available at: https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/hollow-earth

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Fact Check: Transcript 00:00 For all of their strutting about protesting that they support democracy. Not a one of them gave a damn about democracy when they pulled Biden off the ballot and dropped Kamala Harris in without a single Democrat primary voter voting for him. And you know what? Not a single Democrat is here today because not a single one of them gives a damn about the fact that they lied to the American people for four years. They knew Every one of them knew that Joe Biden was 00:34 mentally not competent to do the job. The White House Press Secretary. She knew when she stood in front of the American people and lied over and over and over again and they're not here because they can't defend themselves. It wasn't a surprise for four years the White House hid President Biden from Republican Senators. Would not let him meet with us. He served 40 years in this body. We all know him. And they deliberately lied and by the way Jake Tapper had a bombshell 01:08 book exposing the incredible scandal that Biden's mental decline was covered up by Jake Tapper. There's a Yiddish word and that truly is how dare we lie and cover up what we all knew. Now I have been asked literally a thousand times by Texans. Was running the country? And I'm going to give 01:40 you the most terrifying answer. I don't know. I genuinely don't know. And not a single Democrat here cares. The most telling proof of Biden's decline came with the signature of the president. The symbol of executive authority that was outsourced to a machine. Mister Wald you're a lawyer who served in the White House Council's Office. You understand the gravity of presidential action. Does the president's signature 02:10 carry legal and constitutional weight under article two? Yes. Is the act of signing an executive order or signing a law or granting a pardon a delegable duty of the president. Uh so in that opinion in 2005 from OLC they said essentially that an autopin could be used by a subordinate but the president's determination as to sign the document can never be delegated. Can that authority 02:41 be transferred to a staff or a machine without the president's explicit authorization? Never. And if you look at the statistics, the statistics are stunning. In 2021, President Biden issued 78 executive orders. None were signed with an auto pen. That first year the presidency, Biden I suppose was relatively lucid and 78 executive orders he signed by hand. The second year, however, we see the auto pen emerged. 03:15 The first auto pen executive order was issued on 15th 2022. After that day 100% of the executive orders issued in 2022 were signed by an autopen. In 2023 Biden issued twenty-four executive orders. 16 were auto penned. In 20twenty-four Biden issued 19. 14 were auto penned. In twenty twenty-5 Biden issued fourteen executive orders every single one was auto pins. 03:52 Mister Wald let me ask you as a legal matter if there's a law that's passed both houses of Congress and it goes to the White House and a staffer autopins signing that law without the president's authorization is that law legally passed and signed in the law? No. If an executive order is issued and a staffer autopins it without the president's authorization, is that executive order legally binding? No. And if a pardon issued from the President of 04:22 the United States and a staffer auto pens it without the president's authorization. Is that pardon legally binding? No. Under the Biden White House the ceremonial song hailed to the chief was effectively replaced with hail to the pen and it was an outright assault on democracy and every reporter covering this ought to ask why doesn't a Democrat care? We heard about the moral responsibilities of a staffer. 04:54 How about an elected senator who knows damn well that if we get into a war and Iran is preparing to fire a nuclear weapon at the United States that the commander in chief is busy playing with his jello and he's not competent to defend ourselves and every member of the cabinet, the chief of staff, the press secretary, and the members of Congress who lied about this on a daily basis with the press's complicity. They are all responsible for subverting democracy. Angry Ted Cruz is perhaps my favorite version of 05:27 Ted Cruz because when he's getting history on it, you might want to take a listen. He is definitely angry that there's some acting going on here in the line of hail to the chief change from hail to the pen that's not a smart line but it's still the truth. The truth is in this video right here ladies and gentlemen. The change in the way Joe Biden used the autopin is a steady upward moving graph from twenty twenty-one to the end of his presidency in early twenty 05:58 twenty-five. Okay? That is a noticeable issue. And if he does not directly authorize the autopin we've got We've got grounds to go through every single law Joe Biden has signed that way and perhaps ignore them all together. There's way more evidence behind the autopin theory and hopefully it ends up sticking. I I hope it does because I think this is in a way worse than the Bill Clinton perjury case. Cuz Bill 06:28 Clinton basically lied before Congress lied directly to the American people lied under oath. This is worse in a way. Because lying under oath means that you know where the truth is and you're just hoping to get away with it and there's a direct law. This however Signing with the auto pin is more opaque. It is an ultimate he said she said and you're dont rate the opinion oo just fact if there is

Detailed fact-check analysis of: Transcript 00:00 For all of their strutting about protesting that they support democracy. Not a one of them gave a damn about democracy when they pulled Biden off the ballot and dropped Kamala Harris in without a single Democrat primary voter voting for him. And you know what? Not a single Democrat is here today because not a single one of them gives a damn about the fact that they lied to the American people for four years. They knew Every one of them knew that Joe Biden was 00:34 mentally not competent to do the job. The White House Press Secretary. She knew when she stood in front of the American people and lied over and over and over again and they're not here because they can't defend themselves. It wasn't a surprise for four years the White House hid President Biden from Republican Senators. Would not let him meet with us. He served 40 years in this body. We all know him. And they deliberately lied and by the way Jake Tapper had a bombshell 01:08 book exposing the incredible scandal that Biden's mental decline was covered up by Jake Tapper. There's a Yiddish word and that truly is how dare we lie and cover up what we all knew. Now I have been asked literally a thousand times by Texans. Was running the country? And I'm going to give 01:40 you the most terrifying answer. I don't know. I genuinely don't know. And not a single Democrat here cares. The most telling proof of Biden's decline came with the signature of the president. The symbol of executive authority that was outsourced to a machine. Mister Wald you're a lawyer who served in the White House Council's Office. You understand the gravity of presidential action. Does the president's signature 02:10 carry legal and constitutional weight under article two? Yes. Is the act of signing an executive order or signing a law or granting a pardon a delegable duty of the president. Uh so in that opinion in 2005 from OLC they said essentially that an autopin could be used by a subordinate but the president's determination as to sign the document can never be delegated. Can that authority 02:41 be transferred to a staff or a machine without the president's explicit authorization? Never. And if you look at the statistics, the statistics are stunning. In 2021, President Biden issued 78 executive orders. None were signed with an auto pen. That first year the presidency, Biden I suppose was relatively lucid and 78 executive orders he signed by hand. The second year, however, we see the auto pen emerged. 03:15 The first auto pen executive order was issued on 15th 2022. After that day 100% of the executive orders issued in 2022 were signed by an autopen. In 2023 Biden issued twenty-four executive orders. 16 were auto penned. In 20twenty-four Biden issued 19. 14 were auto penned. 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We heard about the moral responsibilities of a staffer. 04:54 How about an elected senator who knows damn well that if we get into a war and Iran is preparing to fire a nuclear weapon at the United States that the commander in chief is busy playing with his jello and he's not competent to defend ourselves and every member of the cabinet, the chief of staff, the press secretary, and the members of Congress who lied about this on a daily basis with the press's complicity. They are all responsible for subverting democracy. Angry Ted Cruz is perhaps my favorite version of 05:27 Ted Cruz because when he's getting history on it, you might want to take a listen. He is definitely angry that there's some acting going on here in the line of hail to the chief change from hail to the pen that's not a smart line but it's still the truth. The truth is in this video right here ladies and gentlemen. 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Detailed fact-check analysis of: Transcript 00:00 I cannot believe that Trump is cutting Medicaid. Actually, what I meant to say is that I can't believe he's not cutting more of it because medicaid is a money laundering scheme for your government. Congratulations all you bleeding heart democrats. Instead of raging against the machine, you're bending over for it. Medicaid is jointly run by the states and the feds and for every one dollar that your state allocates to the program, the Feds turn around and match that at a level of one 00 percent so one dollar up to nine dollars. And this money comes from taxpayers in other 00:34 states. Your money has a 900% return rate at someone else's expense. Why wouldn't you expand the program? Thanks Obama. That's exactly how we wound up with way too many Medicaid recipients in the first place. Like everything related to healthcare the providers are in bed with the government on this one too because the government can tax the providers. 1. Use that dollar to collect the up to nine dollars in federal funds and to reimburse the provider their original dollar. What? Robbing the taxpayer to pad the funding pool leading to increase reimbursements for 01:06 Medicaid for the providers. Yeah, if I'm a doctor or a health care facility, I'm saying sign me up to that. Yes, the medical industrial complex totally has your best interest in mind so go ahead and swallow up those vaccines like a good little comrade. Age me harder daddy. And speaking of comrades, do you know how many people in this country receive Medicaid that shouldn't? Before you start screaming, everyone should get free health care. Not the argument here. We do not have universal health care in the United States. It doesn't work and since we don't have it, that means someone is paying for it and guess what? There are lower-income families 01:37 who don't qualify for the benefits but they're taxpayers and they're being burdened by this. Back to the point which is that the system is insanely abused. I used to do child support referee work for years and you would v

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Fact Check: 1. Market Attraction and Outreach • Are we effectively targeting overnight visitors from Tucson and Phoenix, our two largest markets? How can we improve our outreach and engagement strategies to attract more long-term guests from these key regions? • Are there untapped markets, such as Albuquerque or Houston, that we should pursue more aggressively? What customized marketing or partnerships could help us reach these potential visitors? • Are our online and in-person efforts sufficient to connect with our highest-volume markets? How can we leverage digital marketing, social media, and local partnerships to increase visibility? • Are we telling compelling stories that resonate with potential visitors from places like Denver or Las Vegas? What narratives or unique selling points could better showcase what Cochise County offers? 2. Understanding Visitor Behavior and Enhancing Stay Duration • Why do visitors from farther away (Dallas, L.A., Las Vegas) tend to stay longer than local Arizonans? What aspects of our offerings appeal to out-of-state visitors, and how can we replicate or enhance those features? • What specific experiences or amenities could we add to encourage longer stays? Are there activities, events, or accommodations that could keep visitors engaged and extend their visits? • How can we foster repeat visitation and encourage visitors to share their experiences with others? What loyalty programs, referral incentives, or community engagement initiatives could support this? 3. Seasonal Planning and Business Collaboration • Are we prepared to maximize revenue during peak months like March and October? What marketing campaigns, special events, or package deals can we implement to capitalize on these periods? • What strategies can we adopt during slower months (June, July, August) to attract more visitors? Could off-season promotions, themed events, or targeted advertising fill the gap? • How can local businesses collaborate to turn single-night stays into multi-night visits? Are there bundled packages, cross-promotions, or joint events that encourage longer stays? • What small changes or new offerings (events, experiences, packages) could boost tourism during quieter months? How can we creatively leverage local heritage, outdoor activities, or seasonal festivals? 4. Enhancing Visitor Experience and Community Engagement • How can we better welcome and serve visitors from Tucson and Phoenix, who already love Cochise County? Are there tailored experiences or concierge services that could deepen their connection? • How can our businesses support each other to leave a strong, lasting impression on first-time visitors? Can we develop cross-business collaborations, shared marketing efforts, or community ambassador programs? • How can we celebrate our heritage while offering fresh, innovative experiences to attract new guests? What storytelling, cultural events, or experiential tourism can showcase our unique identity? • Are there stories or local narratives we’re not telling enough, which could attract diverse markets? How can storytelling be integrated into our marketing to highlight authenticity and appeal? 5. Long-term Community and Economic Sustainability • What does this visitor data suggest about staffing, marketing, and infrastructure planning for the upcoming year? How can we align resources to meet demand during peak times and prepare for slower periods? • How do we ensure that tourism supports and strengthens our community and economy sustainably? What measures can we implement to balance growth with community well-being, environmental preservation, and local culture?

Detailed fact-check analysis of: 1. Market Attraction and Outreach • Are we effectively targeting overnight visitors from Tucson and Phoenix, our two largest markets? How can we improve our outreach and engagement strategies to attract more long-term guests from these key regions? • Are there untapped markets, such as Albuquerque or Houston, that we should pursue more aggressively? What customized marketing or partnerships could help us reach these potential visitors? • Are our online and in-person efforts sufficient to connect with our highest-volume markets? How can we leverage digital marketing, social media, and local partnerships to increase visibility? • Are we telling compelling stories that resonate with potential visitors from places like Denver or Las Vegas? What narratives or unique selling points could better showcase what Cochise County offers? ________________________________________ 2. Understanding Visitor Behavior and Enhancing Stay Duration • Why do visitors from farther away (Dallas, L.A., Las Vegas) tend to stay longer than local Arizonans? What aspects of our offerings appeal to out-of-state visitors, and how can we replicate or enhance those features? • What specific experiences or amenities could we add to encourage longer stays? Are there activities, events, or accommodations that could keep visitors engaged and extend their visits? • How can we foster repeat visitation and encourage visitors to share their experiences with others? What loyalty programs, referral incentives, or community engagement initiatives could support this? ________________________________________ 3. Seasonal Planning and Business Collaboration • Are we prepared to maximize revenue during peak months like March and October? What marketing campaigns, special events, or package deals can we implement to capitalize on these periods? • What strategies can we adopt during slower months (June, July, August) to attract more visitors? Could off-season promotions, themed events, or targeted advertising fill the gap? • How can local businesses collaborate to turn single-night stays into multi-night visits? Are there bundled packages, cross-promotions, or joint events that encourage longer stays? • What small changes or new offerings (events, experiences, packages) could boost tourism during quieter months? How can we creatively leverage local heritage, outdoor activities, or seasonal festivals? ________________________________________ 4. Enhancing Visitor Experience and Community Engagement • How can we better welcome and serve visitors from Tucson and Phoenix, who already love Cochise County? Are there tailored experiences or concierge services that could deepen their connection? • How can our businesses support each other to leave a strong, lasting impression on first-time visitors? Can we develop cross-business collaborations, shared marketing efforts, or community ambassador programs? • How can we celebrate our heritage while offering fresh, innovative experiences to attract new guests? What storytelling, cultural events, or experiential tourism can showcase our unique identity? • Are there stories or local narratives we’re not telling enough, which could attract diverse markets? How can storytelling be integrated into our marketing to highlight authenticity and appeal? ________________________________________ 5. Long-term Community and Economic Sustainability • What does this visitor data suggest about staffing, marketing, and infrastructure planning for the upcoming year? How can we align resources to meet demand during peak times and prepare for slower periods? • How do we ensure that tourism supports and strengthens our community and economy sustainably? What measures can we implement to balance growth with community well-being, environmental preservation, and local culture?

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Fact Check: Is there any evidence to support a hollow earth?

Is There Any Evidence to Support a Hollow Earth?

Introduction

What We Know

Analysis

Conclusion

Sources

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