Analyzing the Claim: Poverty Rates in Argentina
Introduction
The claim that "La tasa de pobreza en la Argentina habría estado por debajo de 37% en el segundo semestre del año pasado" has sparked considerable discussion regarding the economic conditions in Argentina. This assertion, attributed to President Javier Milei and supported by estimates from the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella (UTDT), suggests a significant drop in poverty rates from previous years. This article aims to analyze the validity of this claim, providing context and evidence from various sources.
Background
Poverty in Argentina has been a pressing issue, exacerbated by economic instability, high inflation rates, and fiscal adjustments. The Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) is the official body responsible for measuring poverty in Argentina, and it typically releases semi-annual reports on poverty and indigence rates. The last available data indicated that the poverty rate reached 41.7% in the second semester of 2023, affecting approximately 19.5 million people across the country [6].
In contrast, the claim suggests that the poverty rate could have fallen to around 36.8% in the second semester of 2024, a significant decrease from the 52.9% recorded in the first half of 2024. This would represent the lowest level of poverty since the first half of 2022, when it was measured at 36.5% [1][3].
Analysis
Economic Context
The economic landscape in Argentina has been tumultuous, with inflation rates soaring to unprecedented levels. By the end of 2023, inflation reached 211.4%, significantly impacting the purchasing power of households [6]. However, the government under President Milei has implemented measures aimed at stabilizing the economy, which included fiscal adjustments and a focus on reducing inflation. These measures have reportedly led to a decline in inflation to 117.8% in 2024, which, according to experts, has contributed to an improvement in real wages and overall economic conditions [3][7].
Poverty Estimates
The estimates provided by Martín González Rozada from UTDT indicate that the poverty rate could have decreased from 41.8% in the second semester of 2023 to 36.8% in the same period of 2024. This projection is based on microdata from the Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) published by INDEC, which is used to analyze household income and expenditures [1][3]. González Rozada noted, “La tasa de pobreza se reduce porque a partir del semestre febrero-julio, los ingresos de los hogares empezaron a crecer más que los precios de la canasta básica total” [3]. This suggests that as household incomes improved relative to inflation, poverty rates began to decline.
Government Transfers and Social Policies
In addition to economic stabilization efforts, the government has increased transfers to vulnerable populations through programs such as the Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH) and the Tarjeta Alimentar, which have played a role in reducing indigence rates [3][6]. The increase in these social programs has been the only area of government spending that grew above inflation in 2024, indicating a targeted approach to alleviate poverty among the most vulnerable [3].
Evidence
The evidence surrounding the claim is mixed, with projections from various economists supporting the narrative of a declining poverty rate. For instance, Leopoldo Tornarolli from the Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS) stated, “La inflación es el fenómeno que explica en los últimos años la evolución de la pobreza monetaria” [3]. This highlights the sensitivity of poverty measurements to inflation changes, reinforcing the idea that a decrease in inflation could lead to a reduction in poverty.
However, it is essential to note that while projections indicate a potential decline in poverty, the official figures from INDEC will not be released until March 31, 2025, leaving room for uncertainty regarding the accuracy of these estimates [6][7].
Conclusion
The claim that Argentina's poverty rate may have fallen below 37% in the second semester of 2024 is partially true based on current projections and analyses. While estimates from credible sources like UTDT suggest a significant decrease in poverty, the official confirmation from INDEC is still pending. The economic policies implemented by President Milei, aimed at reducing inflation and increasing social transfers, appear to have had a positive impact on poverty rates. However, the full extent of this impact will only be clear once the official data is released.
References
- La pobreza habría terminado en 2024 por debajo de 37% (https://www.utdt.edu/ver_nota_prensa.php?id_nota_prensa=22582&id_item_menu=6)
- La pobreza de Milei en su primer año cerraría por debajo de la que dejaron Alberto y Cristina (https://www.utdt.edu/ver_nota_prensa.php?id_nota_prensa=22510&id_item_menu=6)
- El sensible dato de la economía que logró bajar Milei (https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/la-pobreza-habria-terminado-en-2024-por-debajo-de-37-impulsada-por-la-caida-de-la-inflacion-nid10022025/#:~:text=Seg%C3%BAn%20sus%20estimaciones%2C%20la%20tasa,%25%20a%209%2C2%25.)
- La pobreza en Argentina alcanzó el 41,7% en el segundo semestre de 2023 (https://eleconomista.com.ar/economia/la-pobreza-argentina-alcanzo-417-segundo-semestre-2023-conurbano-llega-455-n72179)
- En 2023, la pobreza llegó al 41,7% de la población (https://www.infobae.com/economia/2024/03/27/en-2023-la-pobreza-llego-a-417-de-la-poblacion-y-alcanzo-a-194-millones-de-personas-en-todo-el-pais/)
- Pobreza en la era Milei: tras tocar un máximo de 53%, se encamina a cerrar 2024 debajo del 40 (https://www.elcomercial.com.ar/41283-pobreza-en-la-era-milei-tras-tocar-un-maximo-de-53-se-encamina-a-cerrar-2024-debajo-del-40)
- Javier Milei, en la apertura de sesiones 2025: “10 millones de personas salieron de la línea de la pobreza” (https://chequeado.com/ultimas-noticias/javier-milei-en-la-apertura-de-sesiones-2025-10-millones-de-personas-salieron-de-la-linea-de-la-pobreza/)