Fact Check: Is "what" a relative pronoun?

Is "What" a Relative Pronoun?

Introduction

The claim in question is whether "what" qualifies as a relative pronoun. This inquiry touches on the broader topic of grammar and the classification of pronouns, specifically within the context of English language usage. Understanding the role of relative pronouns is essential for grasping how they function in sentences, particularly in relation to subordinate clauses.

What We Know

Relative pronouns are defined as words that introduce relative clauses, which are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns in the main clause. Common relative pronouns include "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that" 1245.

According to various grammar resources:

• Butte College states that relative pronouns introduce subordinate clauses functioning as adjectives 1.
• Purdue OWL emphasizes that relative clauses modify a word, phrase, or idea in the main clause 2.
• Grammarly notes that relative pronouns connect dependent clauses to independent clauses and can answer questions like "Which one?" or "What kind?" 4.

While "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that" are widely recognized as relative pronouns, the inclusion of "what" in this category is less clear. Some sources, such as Cambridge Dictionary, do not list "what" among the standard relative pronouns, focusing instead on the others mentioned 510.

Analysis

To assess whether "what" is a relative pronoun, we must consider its grammatical function and usage in sentences.

1. Definition and Usage:

   • "What" can function as a pronoun in various contexts, including interrogative and exclamatory uses. For example, in the sentence "What you said was interesting," "what" introduces a clause that provides information about the subject. However, this usage is often categorized differently than that of traditional relative pronouns.
   • The sources consulted primarily categorize "what" as an interrogative pronoun rather than a relative pronoun. For instance, Grammarly and Purdue OWL do not include "what" in their lists of relative pronouns 24.

2. Comparative Analysis:

   • The traditional relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) serve to connect clauses in a way that clarifies relationships between nouns. In contrast, "what" tends to introduce clauses that provide information but does not necessarily modify a noun in the same way.
   • Some grammar guides may include "what" in broader discussions of pronouns, but the consensus among the most reputable sources is that it does not fit the strict definition of a relative pronoun.

3. Source Reliability:

   • The sources referenced, such as Purdue OWL and Grammarly, are well-regarded in the field of English grammar and writing. They provide clear definitions and examples based on established linguistic principles. However, it is important to note that some sources, like EGRAMMATICS, may not have the same level of academic rigor and should be approached with caution 8.

Conclusion

Verdict: False

The claim that "what" is a relative pronoun is false. The evidence indicates that "what" primarily functions as an interrogative pronoun rather than a relative pronoun. While it can introduce clauses that provide information, it does not fulfill the grammatical role of modifying nouns in the same manner as traditional relative pronouns such as "who," "which," or "that." The consensus among reputable grammar sources supports this classification, as they do not include "what" in their definitions of relative pronouns.

It is important to recognize that language can be fluid, and some discussions may include "what" in broader contexts of pronouns. However, the strict definitions provided by authoritative sources suggest that it does not belong in the category of relative pronouns.

Limitations in the available evidence include the potential for differing interpretations in less formal contexts or among various grammar guides. Therefore, while the verdict is clear based on established grammar rules, readers should remain aware of the nuances in language classification.

As always, it is advisable for readers to critically evaluate information and consult multiple sources when exploring grammatical classifications or any other linguistic inquiries.

Sources

1. Butte College. Relative Pronouns: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses. Link
2. Purdue OWL. Introduction to Defining Clauses. Link
3. ESL Grammar. Relative Pronouns: Definition, Rules & Useful Examples. Link
4. Grammarly. What Is a Relative Pronoun? Rules and Examples. Link
5. Cambridge Dictionary. Relative pronouns. Link
6. Grammarly. What Is a Relative Pronoun, and How Does It Work? Link
7. British Council. Relative pronouns and relative clauses. Link
8. EGRAMMATICS. Relative Pronouns | Definition Examples Rules. Link
9. Scribbr. Relative Pronouns | Definition, List & Examples. Link
10. Cambridge Grammar. Relative pronouns. Link