Fact-Check Article: Gabapentin Linked to Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
What We Know
The claim that gabapentin, a drug commonly prescribed for nerve pain, has been linked to dementia and cognitive impairment is based on a recent study published in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine in 2025. This study analyzed over 26,000 patient records and found a significant association between long-term gabapentin use and an increased risk of both dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (source-1). Specifically, patients who received six or more prescriptions were found to be 29% more likely to be diagnosed with dementia and 85% more likely to develop MCI within a decade. The study highlighted that the risk was particularly pronounced among adults aged 35 to 49, prompting researchers to recommend that physicians monitor cognitive health in patients using gabapentin long-term.
Gabapentin has gained popularity as a less addictive alternative to opioids, but its mechanism of action—dampening communication between neurons—raises concerns about potential disruptions to critical brain connections, which may contribute to cognitive decline (source-1). While previous research on this topic has yielded inconclusive results, the large sample size of the current study lends more credibility to the concerns being raised.
Analysis
The findings of the study are significant, especially given the large sample size of over 26,000 patient records. This scale enhances the reliability of the data compared to smaller studies, which may not capture the full range of potential effects. However, it is essential to note that correlation does not imply causation. The researchers themselves emphasized the need for further investigation to determine whether gabapentin directly contributes to dementia or if it merely correlates with other risk factors prevalent in chronic pain patients (source-1).
The credibility of the study is bolstered by its publication in a peer-reviewed journal, which typically indicates a level of scrutiny and validation by experts in the field. However, the potential for bias exists, especially given the drug's increasing popularity as an alternative to opioids. The pharmaceutical industry often has vested interests in promoting certain medications, which can influence research outcomes (source-2).
Moreover, while the study presents alarming statistics regarding the risks associated with gabapentin, it is crucial to contextualize these findings within the broader landscape of pain management and cognitive health. Many patients who are prescribed gabapentin may have pre-existing conditions that contribute to cognitive decline, complicating the interpretation of the data (source-1).
Conclusion
The claim that gabapentin is linked to dementia and cognitive impairment is Partially True. While the recent study provides compelling evidence of a correlation between long-term gabapentin use and increased risks of dementia and MCI, it does not establish a direct causal relationship. The findings warrant further investigation to clarify the nature of this association and to understand the underlying factors that may contribute to cognitive decline in patients using gabapentin. Therefore, while there is a basis for concern, more research is necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
