Fact Check: "China is a leading producer of rare earth minerals."
What We Know
China is indeed a dominant player in the global rare earth minerals market. According to a report by the China Europe International Business School, China holds over half of the world's rare earth reserves and is responsible for approximately 70% of global rare earth production and nearly 90% of refining capacity (source). The country has been strategically investing in this sector since the 1980s, with former leader Deng Xiaoping famously stating, "the Middle East has oil, China has rare earths" (source).
In 2023, China produced around 70 kilotons of refined rare earths, further solidifying its position as a leader in this critical industry (source). The significance of rare earth minerals is underscored by their essential role in various technologies, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems (source).
Analysis
The evidence supporting the claim that China is a leading producer of rare earth minerals is robust. Multiple sources confirm China's substantial share in both the extraction and processing of these minerals. For instance, a recent article highlights that China accounts for roughly 70% of global rare earth mining and over 90% of refining capacity (source). This level of control gives China significant leverage in international markets, especially as global demand for these minerals continues to rise due to their applications in high-tech and green technologies.
However, while the data indicates China's dominance, it is essential to consider the geopolitical implications of this control. The U.S. and other countries have recognized their vulnerability due to reliance on Chinese rare earths, prompting discussions about diversifying supply chains (source). Furthermore, China's willingness to impose export controls on rare earths has raised concerns about its potential to use these resources as geopolitical tools (source).
The sources used in this analysis are credible, with reports from established institutions and news organizations that specialize in economic and geopolitical issues. The data presented is consistent across multiple reports, reinforcing the reliability of the information.
Conclusion
Verdict: True. The claim that "China is a leading producer of rare earth minerals" is substantiated by substantial evidence showing that China dominates both the production and refining of rare earths globally. With over half of the world's reserves and a significant share of the market, China's role in this sector is critical and unlikely to diminish in the near future.
Sources
- Understanding China's Global Rare Earth Power Leverage ... (https://english.ckgsb.edu.cn/knowledge/article/china-dominance-of-rare-earth-and-impact-on-global-market/)
- China's rare earth exports jump 23% in May despite ... (https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-rare-earth-exports-jump-23-may-despite-export-curbs-2025-06-09/)
- It's time for U.S. to treat rare earths as power. China already ... (https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/29/us-china-rare-earth-minerals-metals-geopolitics-power.html)
