Fact Check: Are Zn2+ and Cu+ isoelectronic?

Are Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ Isoelectronic?

Introduction

The claim in question is whether the ions Zn²⁺ (zinc ion) and Cu⁺ (copper(I) ion) are isoelectronic, meaning they have the same number of electrons. This topic is relevant in the fields of chemistry and materials science, particularly in discussions about ionic compounds and electron configurations.

What We Know

Electron Configuration: Zinc (Zn) has an atomic number of 30, which means a neutral zinc atom has 30 electrons. When it loses two electrons to form Zn²⁺, it has 28 electrons. Copper (Cu) has an atomic number of 29, and when it loses one electron to form Cu⁺, it has 28 electrons as well. Therefore, both Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ have the same number of electrons: 28 3 4.
Definition of Isoelectronic: Isoelectronic species are defined as atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same number of electrons and, consequently, the same electronic configuration. In this case, both Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ would be considered isoelectronic because they both have 28 electrons 3 4.
Common Misconceptions: There are some sources that incorrectly state that Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ are isoelectronic or that they are not isoelectronic pairs. For instance, Zn²⁺ has 28 electrons, while Cu²⁺ has 27 electrons, which would make them not isoelectronic 3 7.

Analysis

The evidence supporting the claim that Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ are isoelectronic is strong, primarily based on the fact that both ions have the same electron count (28). However, the reliability of the sources must be evaluated:

Numerade and Chegg: Both platforms provide educational resources and solutions to chemistry questions. They have a reputation for being reliable, but their content is user-generated, which can introduce variability in accuracy. The specific answers regarding the electron counts of Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ are consistent across these platforms 2 3.
Heimduo and Answers.com: These sites also affirm that Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ are isoelectronic, citing the same electron count. However, Answers.com is known for less rigorous editorial standards, so caution is advised when considering its contributions 5 8.
Potential Confusion: Some sources, like the one from the University of Texas at Austin, discuss oxidation states and electron transfer without directly addressing the isoelectronic nature of Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺, which could lead to misunderstandings about their relationship 1.
Conflict of Interest: No clear conflicts of interest are present in the cited educational sources, but it is essential to consider that some platforms may prioritize user engagement over strict accuracy.
Methodological Concerns: The methodology for determining whether two ions are isoelectronic is straightforward—counting electrons. However, the interpretation of these counts can vary based on the context in which they are presented.

Conclusion

Verdict: True

The claim that Zn²⁺ and Cu⁺ are isoelectronic is supported by the evidence that both ions possess the same number of electrons—28. This conclusion is consistent across multiple reliable sources, which affirm the electron counts and definitions of isoelectronic species.

However, it is important to note that some confusion exists in the literature regarding the oxidation states of these ions, particularly with Cu²⁺, which is not isoelectronic with Zn²⁺. This nuance highlights the importance of context when discussing electron configurations.

While the evidence is strong, it is essential to acknowledge that the reliability of some sources may vary, particularly those that are user-generated. Readers should critically evaluate the information presented and consider the context in which it is provided to form a well-rounded understanding of the topic.