Fact Check: Are RBMK reactors still in use?

Fact Check: Are RBMK reactors still in use?

Published May 7, 2025
VERDICT
True

# Are RBMK Reactors Still in Use? The claim in question is whether RBMK reactors, a type of nuclear reactor originally designed in the Soviet Union, ...

Are RBMK Reactors Still in Use?

The claim in question is whether RBMK reactors, a type of nuclear reactor originally designed in the Soviet Union, are still operational today. This inquiry arises from concerns about the safety and reliability of these reactors, particularly in light of the catastrophic Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which involved an RBMK reactor. The current status of RBMK reactors in Russia is a topic of debate, with various sources providing differing perspectives on their operational status and future.

What We Know

  1. Operational Status: As of 2023, several RBMK reactors remain operational in Russia. Reports indicate that these reactors are expected to continue functioning until at least 2030, despite the cancellation of plans to construct new RBMK units 16.

  2. Decommissioning Efforts: Some RBMK reactors are in the process of being decommissioned. For instance, the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant has completed the defueling of its second RBMK reactor, which was shut down in 2020 58. This indicates a gradual phase-out of certain units, although others continue to operate.

  3. Energy Contribution: RBMK reactors contribute significantly to Russia's nuclear energy output. In 2023, they provided nearly a quarter of the country's nuclear-generated electricity 10. This reliance on RBMK technology persists despite global calls for their decommissioning following the Chernobyl disaster 3.

  4. Safety Concerns: The RBMK design has been criticized for its safety flaws, which were highlighted during the Chernobyl incident. Nonetheless, Russian authorities have maintained that they can operate these reactors safely with upgrades and modifications 46.

Analysis

The evidence surrounding the operational status of RBMK reactors is mixed and requires careful scrutiny:

  • Source Reliability: The sources cited vary in reliability. Academic papers, such as the one from MIT 1, tend to provide well-researched insights but may not reflect the most current operational status. Wikipedia entries 23 can be useful for general information but may lack depth and rigorous citations. News articles from specialized outlets like Bellona 69 and World Nuclear News 58 offer timely updates but may carry biases based on their editorial stances.

  • Conflicting Information: While some sources assert that RBMK reactors are still operational and will continue to be so for several years 410, others highlight ongoing decommissioning processes 58. This contradiction suggests that while some reactors are still in use, others are being phased out, complicating the overall picture.

  • Methodological Concerns: The methodologies used to assess the operational status of these reactors often rely on official statements from Russian authorities or the nuclear industry, which may be biased. Independent assessments or third-party evaluations could provide a clearer picture of the actual operational status and safety of RBMK reactors.

  • Contextual Background: Understanding the historical context of RBMK reactors is crucial. The Chernobyl disaster led to widespread scrutiny of these reactors, prompting many countries to phase out similar designs. However, Russia's continued use of RBMK technology reflects a complex interplay of energy needs, economic considerations, and political decisions.

Conclusion

Verdict: True

The evidence confirms that RBMK reactors are still operational in Russia as of 2023. Reports indicate that several of these reactors will continue to function until at least 2030, despite some being decommissioned. The operational status of RBMK reactors is supported by multiple sources, including academic research and industry reports, which highlight their significant contribution to Russia's nuclear energy output.

However, it is important to note that the situation is nuanced. While some reactors are still in use, others are being phased out, leading to conflicting information regarding their overall status. Additionally, the reliability of sources varies, and many rely on official statements that may not fully capture the complexities of the situation.

Readers should remain aware of these limitations and critically evaluate the information presented, considering the potential biases and the evolving nature of nuclear energy policy in Russia.

Sources

  1. DE Corney, "The Economic and Political Significance of Russia's RBMK," MIT, 2017. Link
  2. "Nuclear accident," Simple English Wikipedia. Link
  3. "RBMK," Wikipedia. Link
  4. "37 Years After Chernobyl, RBMK Reactors Are Still Operating in Russia," autoevolution. Link
  5. "Second Leningrad unit defuelled," World Nuclear News. Link
  6. "Russia's Chernobyl-style reactors to keep operating until the end of the decade," Bellona. Link
  7. "RBMK defueling complete at Leningrad 2," NEI Magazine. Link
  8. "Final Fuel Removed From Leningrad-2 RBMK As Decommissioning Makes Progress," NucNet. Link
  9. "Rosatom's output dropped over the last year," Bellona. Link
  10. "Nuclear Power in Russia," World Nuclear Association. Link

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Fact Check: Autistic Non-Verbal Episodes in Marriage: Why Words Vanish Sometimes and What to Do About It Neurodiverse Couples Tuesday, august 12, 2025. Here’s the scene: You’re in the middle of a conversation with your spouse. Maybe the topic is small (“Did you pay the water bill?”) or monumental (“Are we happy?”). And then—without warning—your autistic partner’s voice disappears. No yelling, no slammed doors. Just… gone. You’re left holding the conversational steering wheel while they’ve quietly climbed into the trunk. If you’ve never lived with high-functioning autism, this can be tragically misconstrued as stonewalling or contempt. It isn’t. It’s just neurology pulling the emergency brake. Why This Happens: The Science Without the Lab Coat Smell For autistic adults, losing speech under stress is often a shutdown—a form of nervous system overload that knocks language production offline. Think of it like your phone freezing: all the apps are still there, but none of them open when you tap. Research calls this autistic burnout when it happens in a longer, chronic cycle—linked to masking (Hull et al., 2017; Raymaker et al., 2020). Masking is the art of “performing normal” so well that non-autistic people think you’re fine. The issue is that it eats through your energy reserves like a car idling in traffic with the A/C on full blast (Mantzalas et al., 2022). Eventually, one hard conversation can tip you from functional to frozen. And here’s where couples therapy meets neuroscience: physiological flooding—the body’s fight/flight/freeze switch—is a known relationship killer (Malik et al., 2019; Gottman Institute, 2024). In other words, for some autistic partners, flooding may tend to show up sooner, last longer, and is more likely to pull the plug on speech entirely. The Danger Loop in Marriage Autistic partner goes non-verbal — brain says “nope.” Non-autistic partner reads it as avoidance — brain says “attack.” Pressure increases — “Just say something.” Shutdown deepens — and now you’ve both lost. Do that a few hundred times and you’ll start conflating a physiological response into a moral failing. That’s the real marriage-killer. The Protocol: Three Phases, Zero Guesswork This is where we get practical. You can’t “love away” a temporary shutdown, but you can stop it from turning into World War III. Before: Build the Net Name the state. Agree on a phrase or signal ( I call this a couple code)—such as “words offline,” “shutdown,” a hand over the heart. The point is to make the invisible visible. The Shutdown Card. A literal card that says: I can’t speak right now. Please lower lights, reduce sound, give me X minutes. I promise I will circle back. The Pause Rule. Require a minimum of 20 minutes before resuming any tough talk. Autistic partner may need 90+. Agree ahead of time. Downgrade Kit. the usual gear; earplugs, soft light, weighted blanket, fidget, a quiet room. You know, human decency in object form. Reduce Daily Load. Avoid heavy talks right after work or big social events. Chronic overload makes a nervous shutdown more probable. During: Do Less, Better Autistic Partner: Give the signal. Exit stimulation. Switch channels if possible (text, notes app, yes/no cards). Send a short pre-written message: “Safe, can’t talk, back at 8:15.” Non-Autistic Partner: Acknowledge once—“Got it, I’m with you.” Hold the pause boundary. Lower stimuli. Go regulate your own nervous system—walk, journal, pet the dog. Don’t rehearse comebacks. Both: Avoid sarcasm, interrogation, ultimatums. Nothing lengthens a shutdown like moral outrage. After: Close the Loop Check in: “Are you ready to talk, or should we start in text?” Debrief: Identify triggers and what helped. Solve the actual problem. No conflict gets left to rot in the corner. Spot burnout early. If shutdowns start clustering, it’s time to reduce demands, not double them. How This Isn’t Stonewalling Stonewalling is a choice. Shutdown is a lockout. Stonewalling says, “I won’t talk to you.” Shutdown says, “I can’t talk to you yet, but I will.” The key difference? Repair intention. A shutdown protocol builds that right into the process. The Ten-Minute At-Home Drill Co-create your signal and card. Agree on a pause window. Pack the downgrade kit. Rehearse the exchange (“Got it, I’m with you.”). Check in weekly to tweak the system. Remember, you’re not aiming for zero shutdowns. You’re aiming for shorter, kinder, safer ones. Why This Works Because it matches lived autistic experience (Raymaker et al., 2020; Lewis et al., 2023). Because it honors nervous system limits instead of punishing them (Malik et al., 2019). Because it lets both partners keep their dignity and still solve the problem. In other words: you’re building a marriage that can survive the occasional moments when the words are gone for the time being. Be Well, Stay Kind, and Godspeed. REFERENCES: Hull, L., Mandy, W., Lai, M.-C., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Petrides, K. V. (2017). “Putting on my best normal”: Social camouflaging in adults with autism spectrum conditions. Autism, 21(5), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316671012 Raymaker, D. M., Teo, A. R., Steckler, N. A., Lentz, B., Scharer, M., Delos Santos, A., … & Nicolaidis, C. (2020). “Having all of your internal resources exhausted beyond measure and being left with no clean-up crew”: Defining autistic burnout. Autism in Adulthood, 2(2), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2019.0079 Mantzalas, J., Richdale, A. L., Adikari, A., Lowe, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2022). What Is Autistic Burnout? A thematic analysis of posts on two online platforms. Autism in Adulthood, 4(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2021.0079 Lewis, L. F., et al. (2023). The lived experience of meltdowns for autistic adults. Autism, 27(7), 1787–1799. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221145783 Malik, J., et al. (2019). Emotional flooding in response to negative affect in romantic relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 18(4), 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2019.1641188 Gottman Institute. (2024, March 4). Making sure emotional flooding doesn’t capsize your relationship. Retrieved from https://www.gottman.com/blog/making-sure-emotional-flooding-doesnt-capsize-your-relationship/

Detailed fact-check analysis of: Autistic Non-Verbal Episodes in Marriage: Why Words Vanish Sometimes and What to Do About It Neurodiverse Couples Tuesday, august 12, 2025. Here’s the scene: You’re in the middle of a conversation with your spouse. Maybe the topic is small (“Did you pay the water bill?”) or monumental (“Are we happy?”). And then—without warning—your autistic partner’s voice disappears. No yelling, no slammed doors. Just… gone. You’re left holding the conversational steering wheel while they’ve quietly climbed into the trunk. If you’ve never lived with high-functioning autism, this can be tragically misconstrued as stonewalling or contempt. It isn’t. It’s just neurology pulling the emergency brake. Why This Happens: The Science Without the Lab Coat Smell For autistic adults, losing speech under stress is often a shutdown—a form of nervous system overload that knocks language production offline. Think of it like your phone freezing: all the apps are still there, but none of them open when you tap. Research calls this autistic burnout when it happens in a longer, chronic cycle—linked to masking (Hull et al., 2017; Raymaker et al., 2020). Masking is the art of “performing normal” so well that non-autistic people think you’re fine. The issue is that it eats through your energy reserves like a car idling in traffic with the A/C on full blast (Mantzalas et al., 2022). Eventually, one hard conversation can tip you from functional to frozen. And here’s where couples therapy meets neuroscience: physiological flooding—the body’s fight/flight/freeze switch—is a known relationship killer (Malik et al., 2019; Gottman Institute, 2024). In other words, for some autistic partners, flooding may tend to show up sooner, last longer, and is more likely to pull the plug on speech entirely. The Danger Loop in Marriage Autistic partner goes non-verbal — brain says “nope.” Non-autistic partner reads it as avoidance — brain says “attack.” Pressure increases — “Just say something.” Shutdown deepens — and now you’ve both lost. Do that a few hundred times and you’ll start conflating a physiological response into a moral failing. That’s the real marriage-killer. The Protocol: Three Phases, Zero Guesswork This is where we get practical. You can’t “love away” a temporary shutdown, but you can stop it from turning into World War III. Before: Build the Net Name the state. Agree on a phrase or signal ( I call this a couple code)—such as “words offline,” “shutdown,” a hand over the heart. The point is to make the invisible visible. The Shutdown Card. A literal card that says: I can’t speak right now. Please lower lights, reduce sound, give me X minutes. I promise I will circle back. The Pause Rule. Require a minimum of 20 minutes before resuming any tough talk. Autistic partner may need 90+. Agree ahead of time. Downgrade Kit. the usual gear; earplugs, soft light, weighted blanket, fidget, a quiet room. You know, human decency in object form. Reduce Daily Load. Avoid heavy talks right after work or big social events. Chronic overload makes a nervous shutdown more probable. During: Do Less, Better Autistic Partner: Give the signal. Exit stimulation. Switch channels if possible (text, notes app, yes/no cards). Send a short pre-written message: “Safe, can’t talk, back at 8:15.” Non-Autistic Partner: Acknowledge once—“Got it, I’m with you.” Hold the pause boundary. Lower stimuli. Go regulate your own nervous system—walk, journal, pet the dog. Don’t rehearse comebacks. Both: Avoid sarcasm, interrogation, ultimatums. Nothing lengthens a shutdown like moral outrage. After: Close the Loop Check in: “Are you ready to talk, or should we start in text?” Debrief: Identify triggers and what helped. Solve the actual problem. No conflict gets left to rot in the corner. Spot burnout early. If shutdowns start clustering, it’s time to reduce demands, not double them. How This Isn’t Stonewalling Stonewalling is a choice. Shutdown is a lockout. Stonewalling says, “I won’t talk to you.” Shutdown says, “I can’t talk to you yet, but I will.” The key difference? Repair intention. A shutdown protocol builds that right into the process. The Ten-Minute At-Home Drill Co-create your signal and card. Agree on a pause window. Pack the downgrade kit. Rehearse the exchange (“Got it, I’m with you.”). Check in weekly to tweak the system. Remember, you’re not aiming for zero shutdowns. You’re aiming for shorter, kinder, safer ones. Why This Works Because it matches lived autistic experience (Raymaker et al., 2020; Lewis et al., 2023). Because it honors nervous system limits instead of punishing them (Malik et al., 2019). Because it lets both partners keep their dignity and still solve the problem. 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